By adding the subjective information from patients on the actual performance, occupational therapists can have a more holistic picture of patients with hand injuries.
Even though performance-based outcome measures convey more accurate representations of a patient’s actual ability, the information given by patients themselves is also important: how they feel and how they think about their hands after having injuries. Some examples of self-reported outcome measures used in hand rehabilitation are the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and the health-related quality of life-Short Form 36 (SF 36). In contrast, the self-reported outcome measures are those that require the patient to complete questionnaires, rating his or her overall performance on a predetermined set of functional tasks.
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF QUESTIONNAIRE MANUAL
The performance-based outcome measures, such as the Jebsen Hand Function Test and the Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test, are tools that require patients to perform a set of functional tasks. Two main kinds of outcome measures have been proposed, namely, performance-based outcome measures and self-reported outcome measures. Consequently, outcome measures have become necessary and important tools, in assessing the efficacy of hand rehabilitation programs. Occupational therapists need to deal with people who have hand injuries to enable them to regain maximum use and capability. The ability to function effectively and independently has long been a focus for occupational therapy. Hand injuries also have an impact on a patient’s life, including activities of daily living, work, and leisure. Any impairment, such as neurological or musculoskeletal injury, to the hands and upper limbs could have an impact on their functioning.
An individual requires sound structure and function in the hands and upper limbs to perform activities in daily life. Hands are complex limbs that consist of bones, nerves, muscles, tendons, ligaments, arteries, and veins. The MHQ-Thai version is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating the self-perception of Thai people who have hand and upper limb injuries. MHQ was successfully cross-culturally adapted into Thai. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.835 for the total score of the MHQ-Thai version, indicating good internal consistency. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the test-retest reliability for the six domains ranged from 0.788 to 0.956, with excellent correlation (ICC = 0.953) for the total score. The construct validity revealed a low-to-high correlation between every subscale of the MHQ-Thai version. The MHQ-Thai version had good content validity (IOC 0.972). However, items related to the characteristics of the patients were adapted to suit the Thai context. All six domains of the MHQ were translated into Thai without any major problems. Three occupational therapists were asked to assess content validity while 30 participants were asked to fill in the questionnaire in order to assess construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. The Beaton protocol for cross-cultural adaptation of self-reported measures was used in the translation process.
The study is aimed at translating and cross-culturally adapting the MHQ into Thai and at examining the validity and reliability of the translated version. To gain more knowledge on hand outcomes from a Thai patient perspective, an MHQ-Thai version is required. It is widely used in orthopedic and neurological conditions of the hands and upper limbs. The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) is a patient-rated hand outcome instrument.
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